A rocket car holds the record in drag racing. However, the fastest of those cars are used to set the Land Speed Record, and are propelled by propulsive jets emitted from rocket, turbojet, or more recently and most successfully turbofan engines. The ThrustSSC car using two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofans with reheat was able to exceed the speed of sound at ground level.
Read more...Rotary Wankel engines were introduced into road cars by NSU with the Ro 80 and later were seen in the Citroën GS Birotor and several Mazda models. In spite of their impressive smoothness, poor reliability and fuel economy led to them largely disappearing. Mazda, beginning with the R100 then RX-2, has continued research on these engines, overcoming most of the earlier problems with the RX-7 and RX-8
Read more...In the 1950s there was a brief interest in using gas turbine (jet) engines and several makers including Rover and Chrysler produced prototypes. In spite of the power units being very compact, high fuel consumption, severe delay in throttle response, and lack of engine braking meant no cars reached production.
Read more...Steam power, usually using an oil or gas heated boiler, was also in use until the 1930s but had the major disadvantage of being unable to power the car until boiler pressure was available. It has the advantage of being able to produce very low emissions as the combustion process can be carefully controlled. Its disadvantages include poor heat efficiency and extensive requirements for electric auxiliaries.[
Read more...The first electric cars were built around 1832 well before internal combustion powered cars appeared.[19] For a period of time electrics were considered superior due to the silent nature of electric motors compared to the very loud noise of the gasoline engine. This advantage was removed with Hiram Percy Maxim's invention of the muffler in 1897. Thereafter internal combustion powered cars had two critical advantages: 1) long range and 2) high specific energy (far lower weight of petrol fuel versus weight of batteries). The building of battery electric vehicles that could rival internal combustion models had to wait for the introduction of modern semiconductor controls and improved batteries. Because they can deliver a high torque at low revolutions electric cars do not require such a complex drive train and transmission as internal combustion powered cars. Some post-2000 electric car designs such as the Venturi Fétish are able to accelerate from 0-60 mph (96 km/h) in 4.0 seconds with a top speed around 130 mph (210 km/h). Others have a range of 250 miles (400 km) on the EPA highway cycle requiring 3-1/2 hours to completely charge[20]. Equivalent fuel efficiency to internal combustion is not well defined but some press reports give it at around 135 mpg(1.74 l/100 km).
Read more...Ethanol and other alcohol fuels have widespread use an automotive fuel. Most alcohols have less energy per liter than gasoline and are usually blended with gasoline. Alcohols are used for a variety of reasons - to increase octane, to improve emissions and as an alternative to petroleum based fuel, since they can be made from agricultural crops. Brazil's ethanol program provides about 20% of the nations automotive fuel needs, including several million cars that operate on pure ethanol.
Read more...Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel in being lighter and able to work at higher rotational speeds and they are the usual choice for fitting in high performance sports cars. Continuous development of gasoline engines for over a hundred years has produced improvements in efficiency and reduced pollution. The carburetor was used on nearly all road car engines until the 1980s but it was long realised better control of the fuel/air mixture could be achieved with fuel injection. Indirect fuel injection was first used in aircraft engines from 1909, in racing car engines from the 1930s, and road cars from the late 1950s.[18] Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) is now starting to appear in production vehicles such as the 2007 BMW MINI. Exhaust gases are also cleaned up by fitting a catalytic converter into the exhaust system. Clean air legislation in many of the car industries most important markets has made both catalysts and fuel injection virtually universal fittings. Most modern gasoline engines are also capable of running with up to 15% ethanol mixed into the gasoline - older vehicles may have seals and hoses that can be harmed by ethanol. With a small amount of redesign, gasoline-powered vehicles can run on ethanol concentrations as high as 85%. 100% ethanol is used in some parts of the world (such as Brazil), but vehicles must be started on pure gasoline and switched over to ethanol once the engine is running. Most gasoline engined cars can also run on LPG with the addition of an LPG tank for fuel storage and carburetion modifications to add an LPG mixer. LPG produces fewer toxic emissions and is a popular fuel for fork lift trucks that have to operate inside buildings.
Read more...Diesel engined cars have long been popular in Europe with the first models being introduced in the 1930s by Mercedes Benz and Citroen. The main benefit of Diesels are a 50% fuel burn efficiency compared with 27%[18] in the best gasoline engines. A down side of the diesel is the presence in the exhaust gases of fine soot particulates and manufacturers are now starting to fit filters to remove these. Many diesel powered cars can also run with little or no modifications on 100% biodiesel.
Read more...In just about 20 days from today, the world will finally get to know what Ratan Tata’s “Rs 1 lakh car” looks like. But between now and January 10, when the car is to be unveiled at the New Delhi Auto Expo, the Tata group is going all out to keep it under purdah. And purdah for a “one-lakh car” can cost you several times the much-touted sticker price.
Prototypes of the people’s car (as the Tatas would rather call it) have been around in the Pune plant – usually covered with sack cloth and camouflage. They have been through tests over the last few months. A reliable logistics company has been entrusted with the job of carting it to Delhi under tight security and ensuring that it is kept away from the public eye till D-day.
Tata Motors has the biggest pavilion at the expo and sources say that their spend for this year could be in the range of Rs 15-20 crore, thanks to the hoopla surrounding the Rs1 lakh car, the planned unveiling of the new Indica, and several other products. The cost includes every conceivable overhead right from airline/hotel charges for employees to money paid for the models.
According to sources, Tata Motors plans to have 6-8 models of the people’s car — codenamed X3 — displayed at the expo. The idea is to load them on to a truck from Pune less than a week from now and cart them all the way to Delhi where they will be kept at a warehouse far away from prying eyes. The trip to Delhi could take three days and is being planned well in advance so that there is no last-minute rush.
On January 9, the cars will be brought fully covered to Pragati Maidan, the venue for the expo, and placed in the pavilion.
Utmost care is being taken to ensure that nobody comes within miles of this place and security personnel will be extra vigilant through the entire night right up to the following day when the unveiling will be done.
The cars will be in a wide array of colours on the lines of gearless scooters which have, in a sense, been the inspiration for the product. It is a rear-engine (624 cc petrol) five-seater with four doors.
Read more...The international car industry seems to be rattled by moves in the United States and Europe to force manufacturers to make cars more fuel-efficient.
Governments overseas see the change as an essential part of the effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
But in Australia there are no compulsory pollution standards for manufacturers. Australia's key scientific expert on emissions in the transport sector is warning that this will have to change.
Transport is the world's fastest growing source of greenhouse gas. When the burn-off from one litre of petrol mixes with the atmosphere, more than two kilograms of CO2 is created.
US President George W Bush has just signed a Bill which will increase the federal standard for car-makers. Vehicles will soon have to get 15 kilometres to the litre.
"One of the most serious, long-term challenges facing our country is dependence on oil, especially oil from foreign lands," Mr Bush said.
"It's a serious challenge and members of Congress up here understand the challenge, and so do I, because this dependence harms us economically through high and volatile prices at the gas pump.
"Dependence creates pollution and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions."
At the same time, the European Commission is proposing fines for car manufacturers whose cars exceed certain pollution levels.
European Automobile Manufacturers Association spokesman Ivan Hodac says it will lead to more expensive cars.
"If they miss the target by five grams, it means a penalty of 1.5 billion euros. This is unheard of in the European Union," he said.
The new law would limit European cars to 130 grams of CO2 per kilometre by the year 2012.
David Lamb from the CSIRO says that is a good target and would require a cut of about 30 grams on current levels. But Australian cars pollute more than European cars do.
"New cars sold in Europe last year averaged 161. The equivalent figure in Australia was 231 grams per kilometre," he said.
Mr Lamb, the leader of the CSIRO's low emission transport team, says Australian car manufacturers are not required to make their cars meet any pollution standards.
"Up to now we've had no legislation that compels cars, that legislates, mandates for specific targets. They've been voluntary targets," he said.
"There is a voluntary target that the industry, that the car makers in Australia agree to.
"They say they agreed that the average car sold would meet a 6.8 litres per 100 kilometres fuel consumption."
Given the way Europe and the US are heading, Mr Lamb expects Australia will have mandatory standards before long.
"I'm absolutely certain we will because if we did not, we would be so out of step with what the rest of the world is doing," he said.
"We would be obliged, we would be leaned on by the other nations to adopt such standards. And besides which, the sort of vibes I've been feeling recently is that we want to get up onto the leadership in terms of environmental responsibility. We don't want to be at the laggard end."
Mr Lamb says it's getting to the stage where it would be irresponsible of Australia not have mandatory standards.
"That's the way I feel but I don't make the rules," he said.
But it's not just Australia's cars that could be more efficient. Mr Lamb says Australian drivers need to change their habits.
That means not buying a heavy vehicle like a four-wheel drive if you live in the city, and reducing time on the road.
"If I will need to buy a loaf of bread, is it fair to the rest of the world for me to jump in my car, start up a cold engine, accelerate up the street, which is when the emissions are far worse than if I was just cruising on the highway, to go and buy a loaf of bread?" he said.
There's no word on mandating pollution restrictions for car manufacturers in Australia, but the Federal Government is offering the industry $500 million to develop low-emissions vehicles, if the manufacturers put in $1.5 billion.
Read more...Frequency-remote control tester
The advantage of the device is practical, because it does not use power supply, but can be used to test frequency remote control, FM transmitter, TV, or to repair cellular phone with damage in its transceiver.
The tester has indicator of a VU meter pointer that can distinguish transmission power of frequency remote control or transmitter.
It is more practical than SWR because it only consists of one pointer connected or moved near remote control’s antenna or transmitter that would be tested.
If transmission of a remote control/transmitter is bad or weak, the pointer will not move or move slightly.
If a remote control/transmitter still functions well, the pointer will move firmly and stable. When the pointer is on red area, you can shift variable volume to set impedance accord to transmission power.
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In stepping forward, we are also related from the disciplined management. If there are any damaged products we target to repair it in a day.
At least three days after the decision to be bought or returned to the owner of the product in order our works are not piled.
However we thanks to God, because 99% of our tasks could be finished.
Thus our garage is clean as not have the shape of ordinary garage; however it is very helpful on our concentration in completing our tasks.
In garage there are a lot of barriers which is faced and the secret to finish our problem.
Certainly everyday it will always be differential ways and the damaged products, thus there are a lot of methods to complete it.
In addition, from our experiences which have been long time ago, we feel it is rather easy to conclude.
However it is related toward the held of the God.
From the testing and research of the functions, systems, and other kind of component and the size of components which are used, thus in our activities, we receive whatever tasks to be given to us. We also provide service to the used products, or even the new products.
